Located to the south from Baku between the south-eastern slope of the Great Caucasian Range and the Caspian Sea, there lies a small plain : Gobustan. There are numerous petroglyphs dating to different periods on the rocks of these mountains. The majority of them had been studied in 1939 by Professor Iskhak Jafarzade. He discovered over 4,000 petroglyphs, or rock drawings, recording the lives of the ancient inhabitants of Azerbaijan some 12,000 years ago. Their importance for archaeologists is so great that Gobustan now attracts leading specialists from throughout the world, as well as travellers and tourists interested in the early history of the Caspian region.

The treasure of Gobustan covers the upper Paleolithic Age up to the Middle Ages.